Abstract
A Beowulf cluster is a computer cluster of what are normally identical, commercially available computers, which are running a free and open source software (FOSS), Unix-like operating system, such as BSD, Linux, or Solaris. They are networked into a small TCP/IP LAN, and have libraries and programs installed which allow processing to be shared among them. Originally referring to a specific computer built in 1994 by Thomas Sterling and Donald Becker at NASA, Beowulf systems similar to the original NASA system are now deployed worldwide, chiefly in support of scientific computing. They are high-performance parallel computing clusters of inexpensive personal computer hardware. The name comes from the main character in the Old English poem Beowulf, which was bestowed by Sterling because the epic poem describes Beowulf as having "thirty mens' heft of grasp in the grip of his hand."There is no particular piece of software that defines a cluster as a Beowulf. Commonly used parallel processing libraries include Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM). Both of these permit the programmer to divide a task among a group of networked computers, and collect the results of processing. Examples of MPI software include OpenMPI (OpenMPI) or MPICH (MPICH). There are additional MPI implementations available
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